No-one is entirely sure what causes insulin resistance, although many scientists suspect a genetic defect may be the culprit for both resistance to insulin and type 2 diabetes. However, insulin resistance is an extremely important concept for those with diabetes type 2.

What is known is there are several factors that do contribute to its development:

• obesity with a high proportion of fat in the abdominal cavity and around your internal organs… this is called central obesity. It is as common as a 40 inch waist. It is important for you to understand the effect obesity has on your cells’ insensitivity to insulin because it means that even injected insulin… as is sometimes required with type 2 diabetes… does not work as it should and larger and larger doses are then required
• inappropriate diet is definitely a major contributor… weight gain and obesity are significant causes of type 2 diabetes
• lack of physical activity also contributes to insulin resistance and may also contribute to type 2 diabetes. Inactivity often leads to obesity which compounds the risk.
• a deficiency of vitamins can also contribute to the development of resistance to insulin and type 2 diabetes

Insulin resistance is really a complex phenomenon in which several genetic defects combine with environmental factors. In other words, although family history and genetics play some part in this syndrome, there are more pieces to the puzzle than your family tree.

What really comes into play is diet and how you exist in your environment. However, diet is the most important and what’s more, it is the easiest to change.

The primary treatment for insulin resistance is:

• exercise and
• diet

Low-glycemic index or low-carbohydrate diets have been found to help. Research has shown exercise and diet are nearly twice as effective as metformin at reducing the risk of insulin resistance progressing onto type 2 diabetes

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